Was England Torn Apart by Religious Revolution in the...

The short yet significant reign of Edward bought with it a series of severe changes to England and all those within it, many of them taking a religious nature. As the once unquestionable authority of the church became challenged by both critics and affiliates alike, England witnessed an almost inevitable reformation. However, the impact on the majority was not necessarily beneficial- as Duffy wrote, the Reformation bought with it an ‘assault on traditional religion’, leaving many men that ‘breathed easier for the accession of a Catholic queen’. It is possible to perceive that England was torn apart by religious revolution as a consequence of the public risings in the response to the changes. After their introduction, the country suffered†¦show more content†¦Catholic leaders believed they were defending traditional Christian civilization against rebellions and anarchical forces, whilst the latter argued they were restoring pure religion and defending against corruption and superstition. To them, the Pope was anti-Christ, whilst to the Catholics, Luther, Alvin and all other ‘reformers’ were heretics. Consequently, the secular rulers sought to base their political unity upon that of a religious nature, using their authority to compel their subjects into adopting one form of Christianity. In contrast to Pope Leo X, who face the Lutheran revolt, who urged secular leaders to suppress Protestant heretics by force, Luther appealed for this same force to be used against Catholics, and even Calvin, considered t o be an apostle of religious tolerance didn’t permit Catholics to reside in Geneva. Meanwhile, Spain, Portugal and Italy all used methods such as the Inquisition and the Index to eliminate religious dissent and persecute Protestant subjects. Therefore, this shows that despite the argument regarding whether England was ‘torn apart’, the rest of Europe was considerably so, which could subsequently have impacted England. However, religious revolution in England could also be viewed as beneficial, in particular to the economy. Throughout Europe, Princes and landlords, eager to the receive sources of new wealth, adopted the argument of

The Role Of Management Accounting And Management - 1461 Words

The development of management accounting and management accountants in much of society have been changed. In this paper, we will discuss the hybridisation and change in nature and role of management accounting and management accountants. The Evolution of Management Accounting From 1981 onwards, the Management Accounting Practices Committee outlines the definition of management accounting to ‘the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation, and communication of financial information used by management to plan, evaluate and control within an organisation’. Kaplan (1984) states that management accounting must serve the strategic objectives of the firm; it cannot exist as an independent†¦show more content†¦Regulatory bodies, government agencies and other institutions They frequently see ‘something has to be done’ even though those alleged problems have nothing self-evidently to do with accounting. However, with some guidance, people can often be persuaded to recognise hitherto unidentified connections and to appreciate that tan altered way of accounting might help foster or improve. Related studies too discovered the drivers behind management accounting change. For instance, in the findings of Hasselbladh and Kallinikos (2000). They note that management accounting systems play a dual role in the process of change – 1) management accounting is a target of change; and 2) management accounting is a vector of change. The former circumstance occurs when management accounting change is in line with institutionalisation, for it is optimised to provide organisations with a force of rationality which can legitimise them in the field which they operate. The latter circumstance happens as changes can be implemented, rejected or partially accepted depending on how changes are internalised across organisations and on the element of the management control system which is having an effect on the organisational actors. The key in the process is the vagueness rather than amplification of the idyllic driving change. Traditional Role ofShow MoreRelatedRoles And Activities Of Management Accounting Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesChanges in roles and activities of management accounting due to rapid changes in technology, can be described on following points: a. Changes in activities of data collection and control With advanced in technology, most companies are using accounting software or even Enterprise Resource Planning (â€Å"ERP†) system (such as SAP, Oracle, etc.) has the potential to have significant impact on the work of management accountants, as it reduces routine information gathering and the processing of informationRead MoreRole Of A Strategic Management Accounting Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pages(Tillman and Goddard 2008) investigating the role of strategic management accounting in an organizational setting? The role of strategic management accounting (SMA) is a relatively new concept especially within organizational settings (Juras, 2014). In addition to being new, it posits as an interesting field of study since existing literature evidences that conducting management accounting in relationship with strategy is problematic (Endraria, 2015). Accounting managers endure challenge of aligning functionalRead MoreThe Role Of Traditional Management Accounting Techniques2040 Words   |  9 Pagestraditional management accounting techniques may have contributed to planning, controlling and decision making processes at the nation state level, the requirements of globalisation in which nation states now compete for survival in the global market rather than state market, has rendered traditional techniques obsolete and therefore calls for the mobilisation of modern techniques of management accounting. It also calls for the service of accountants with modern management accounting techniques forRea d MoreRole and Practices in Management Accounting Today3208 Words   |  13 Pages|ACC601: Managerial Accounting | | | | | |Role and Practices in Management Accounting Today | | | | Read MoreInnovation Management - Role of the Accounting Function867 Words   |  4 Pagesmentioned - sad but true. The reason for this apathy is really simple: Engineers or product managers or development managers are far disconnected from the world of finance accounting departments, that they really have no clue about the actual numbers. The problem is more acute in large companies, where functions and roles are so widely distributed that the development/product manager has no clue as where the accountant works! Added to the organizational complexity, there is a natural tendency amongRead MoreExplain the Role of Strategic Management Accounting in a Changing Business Environment. Include in Your Answer How Strategic Management Accounting Differs from Conventional Management Accounting.638 Words   |  3 Pagessubject of Strategic Management Accounting, defined it as, a form of management accounting in which emphasis is placed on information which relates to factors external to the firm, as well as non-financial information and internally generated information. Ward (1992) defines it as, â€Å" strategic management is an integrated management approach that draws together all the individual elements involved in planning, implementing and controlling business strategy† For management accounting must help accomplishRead MoreThe Role of Management Accounting in Organizational Control Systems: Preliminary Evidence of an Organic Approach15263 Words   |  62 PagesTHE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS: PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE OF AN ORGANIC APPROACH Associate Professor Chris Durden School of Business James Cook University PO Box 6811 Cairns, Qld 4870 Australia Phone: +7 4042 1015 Fax: +7 4042 1474 chris.durden@jcu.edu.au Professor Hector Perera Department of Accounting and Finance Division of Economic and Financial Studies Macquarie University, Sydney Australia hperera@efs.mq.edu.au THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN ORGANIZATIONALRead MoreManagerial Accounting1152 Words   |  5 PagesManagerial Accounting 12/3/15 Managerial Accounting Accounting is a crucial part in running a business. There are various forms of accounting that can be used, it is very important to know which technique is best to use for what companies. Once you figure out a particular technique to use, it is important to keep an open mind if there are any changes that need to take place in the business. By keeping an open mind helps the business adjust and be able to make the right decisions. Every businessRead MoreAccountant Role In Business Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pages11/11/2017 Marta Silva â€Å"Are Management Accountants Important Strategic Partners in Corporate America’s Management teams? Despite the great stride in efforts made by the financial industry in the last twenty years, many still view management accountants as they were in the 1980s; the ‘scorekeeper’, the ‘corporate cop’, sitting in their cubicles running numbers from dusk to dawn. However, in the modern era accountants have started taking on new roles in corporations, becoming strategic plannersRead MoreRole Of Managerial And Managerial Accounting1029 Words   |  5 PagesThe role of managerial accounting has played a significant role in the success of businesses dating as far back as the 19th century. Service and production operations during the days of the industrial revolution were not nearly as sophisticated then as they are today. The current initial purpose of managerial accounting is comparable to its purpose throughout history. Managerial accounting has historically been useful in assisting managers with the information they need to make important decisions

The Psychology behind Bullying in Adolescents Essay

Bullying by definition is a form of aggressive behavior in which someone intentionally and repeatedly causes another person injury or discomfort. Bullying can take the form of physical contact, words or more subtle actions. [Why] Bullying has grown new outlets over the last decade. With social media outlets and text messaging added to the game, bullying is not just about getting tormented face to face anymore. Cyber bullying can include sending out mean or threatening emails and instant messages about a person, spreading rumors about someone and also include photos that a person would consider to be humiliating. [Chamberlin] Bullying can have many outlets. The most common form of bullying is still face to face confrontation. But†¦show more content†¦Another possibility is implied that a person may resort to bullying due to issues in their own home which are unhealthy. Maybe a lack of love, kindness, or attention causes a person to lash out at others as an outlet for their pain. A need for attention could be a contributor to this type of negative behavior. Perhaps a person acts out via bullying because it gets them noticed as opposed to being civil or polite. A person may act out due to failure towards academic achievement or some other goal that the bully may find value in. [Why] A bully may act as such when in certain situations where value is not placed on how people treat one another. When people fail to address a bully’s behavior as inappropriate, this manner continues and often progresses negatively over time. When someone attempts to imagine how a bully views their actions, one may wonder if the bully feels guilt or remorse over their actions. Leon Festinger, a social psychologist, suggested a theory. This theory is called cognitive dissonance. [Robertson] This theory suggests that humans are very inclined to be consistent in all areas of our life. Therefore, when a bully begins Elizondo Page 5 attacking a victim, they continue this pattern justifying their actions as they go. The bully convinces himself that they are not a bad person, so therefore the person being bullied must deserve this treatment. The person tells themselves that theyShow MoreRelatedCyber Bullying: A Study of Long Term Effects on Adolescent Cyber Bullying1561 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Cyber bullying is a topic that has been researched many times. As technology changes, it is important that research is kept up to date on how victimization can affect present and future psychosocial adjustment issues. Cyber bullying is defined as victimization that intends to harm another through electronic means, where individuals can harm without physical interaction. (Tokunaga, 2010). Cyber bullying requires little planning and there is little chance of being caught. It is importantRead MoreCan Witnessing or Experiencing Domestic Violence Be Linked to Bullying in Adolescents?1632 Words   |  7 Pageschildren have committed suicide because they can’t take the hurt of a bully any longer. It is so sad to think about and I cannot put into words how my heart weeps for those people! It’s sickening for me to even think about. But to understand the people behind these instances we have to look at what each of these things are. According to Richard L Davis, â€Å"Under the US statutory law concerning domestic violence, it is generally defined as child, sibling, dating, intimate partner, spousal or elder abuseRead MoreEfforts to Fight Cyber Bullying1182 Words   |  5 Pagescommit suicide and live lifestyles that are indulged in depression. Cyber bullying is a fairly new type of violence and this is why it is so hard to counter. One of the most prominent forms of counter-cyber bullying that the United States implements is through legislations, which have resulted in mixed results. Psychologist and Sociologist agree that the negative reinforcement approach doesn’t really teach the adolescents the affects that it has on the victims and why it is wrong (Kanazawa). TheRead More The Dangers of Social Media Essay908 Words   |  4 Pageshaven behind a computer screen. Here, they feel that they can be whoever they want to be and say whatever they want to say. While this can have some benefits, the cons outweigh the pros. It is no coincidence that in the last five decades, suicide rates have increased by 60% around the world (World Health Organization). It is likely that technology and social media have influenced this number, especially just within the last 10 years. Bullying is a major cause of suicide. Often times, bullying can beRead MoreThe Long Term Effects of Bullying Among Teenagers769 Words   |  3 Pagesother career field, when it comes to finding the reasoning behind an issue and or a prevention and intervention plan for major issues, such as bullying, that are affecting individuals and the society, it is important that theoretical frameworks are used. According to the 2010 statistics, with bullying becoming a rapidly growing issue and concern affecting both youth and adults, the crime of bullying will not be going away anytime soon. Bullying is performed in several different forms ranging from physicallyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Bullying And Peer Relationship1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe Relationship Between Bullying and Peer Relationship In Middle Childhood Bullying is an unfortunate issue that many children face every day. When people think about bullying many imagine something like this; one child yelling at another to get his or her attention. Also, another scenario would be a child being bullied for their lunch or lunch money. However, today’s bullying issues have become much more severe. Unfortunately, today’s bullying antics could easily lead to physical and psychologicalRead MoreAsperger Syndrome : A Neurological Disorder Associated With Autism1341 Words   |  6 Pagesvictims of bullying. Asperger syndrome:In criminal law, assault may refer to a verbal threat of violence, whereas battery refers to the actual violence. Most jurisdictions in the United States define assault as an attempt to cause, or actually causing, bodily injury. Some states expand this definition to include an attempt to menace someone by putting a person in fear of imminent injury. Assault is also defined as unwanted physical contact or unwanted sexual advances. Bullying: In generalRead MoreThe Effects of Bullying on Childhood Development 906 Words   |  4 PagesBullying is everywhere; it takes place in the home, office, cyberspace and schools; bullying is especially common in schools. Schools are supposed to be a haven for children to learn and build educational and social skills. However, the ill effects of bullying are disrupting children’s education, social skills, and lives. According to a youth risk and behavior survey (2011), approximately 20% of students in grades nine through twelve have been bullied (Heintz 1). Bullying was once thought as aRead MoreBullying And School System Are No Secret Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesHannah Swan EdSE 620 Research paper 9/25/16 Bullying and Aggression in Schools Bullying and aggressive behavior in the school system are no secret. Many people have encountered a bully, or have been a bully at some point in their lives. According to the American Psychological Association (APA) bullying â€Å"is a form of aggressive behavior in which someone intentionally and repeatedly causes another person injury or discomfort. Bullying can take the form of physical contact, words or more subtleRead MoreYouth Personality And Behavior Laboratory998 Words   |  4 Pagespersonality and self-esteem and their relation to interpersonal relationships and mental health outcomes. Specifically, I am studying self-esteem (e.g., narcissism) and its association with perceptions of the quality of adolescent friendships. My interest in children and adolescents’ emotional, social, and behavior difficulties pushes me to expand the understanding of the assessment and dynamics problems relating to youth personality. My participation in the McNair Scholars program, a research program

Foundations in Sustainable Strategic Management

Question: Discuss about the Foundations in Sustainable Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction Postal services have one of the pivotal services in the history of humankind. Throughout the world this service has given people the opportunity to stay in contact. Australia Post was founded in the year 1809 on 25 April. Ever since, this government owned corporation has been in the service of sending parcels and mails. With the advent of technology, the corporation also started various other facilities like transferring money, travel and ID related issues and business solutions. The basic products and services of the organisation include letters, postal service, postage rate, basic domestic, large letters and associated services (Auspost.com.au, 2017). This industry has been growing after the services were opened in the initial years. However, in the last few years with the improvement of online contacts and applications the industry has suffered some rift. The present paper would analyze the competitor analysis and the macro analysis of the industry. Five Forces analysis Bargaining power of buyers- In case of the bargaining power, the buyers in case of Australia Post do not have much of upper hand. The prime reason being the rates of the services are fixed as decided by the government. As, the service is opted by large number of people across the country the power of bargaining is not strong. The limitation in the bargaining helps the corporation to extract fair and minimum profit from the customers. In case of Australia Post, the best part is the customers get standardized service (Hill, Jones and Schilling, 2014). Bargaining power of suppliers- the bargaining power of the suppliers is not in favour. The reason being competition and the attachment with the government project itself acts negatively for the suppliers (Slack, 2015). The level of competition reduces the prices, which is important for Australia Post. It acts as the opportunity for Australia Post to have the strength of changing suppliers. The low chance of switching supplier is another key idea for the organization. The competitive rivalry The competition of the Australia Post is not direct. Apart from the Australia Post, the competition is in the local courier. However, with the range of operations, Australia Post hardly received and thereat. On the contrary, with respect to growing technology the organisation has to bring out services that are not limited to letters or mails. The market share of the organisation is huge. The threat of substitute products- The threat lies in the technological advancements is giving the opportunity to people get connected to any part of the worlds within fraction of seconds. Apart from this, the threat is also the different courier companies (Eden and Ackermann, 2013). However, Australia Post wins over courier services because of the brand value that it has created over the years. Threat of new competitors- the importance of the Australia Post lies in the large distribution network it has over the years. This has given customers the faith in the organisation. The geographical location and the reach to every nook and corner might be not possible for the new entrants (Rothaermel, 2015). Macro Analysis Political- the political issues related to Australia Post is very limited. The major reason being it is government run enterprise. It is commercially run with all the necessary political stability. It is noticed that the efficient board of directors of the company are the sole support for the organisation to not hamper by any form of political instability (Grant, 2016). Economic- The issues in the economic factor lies in the reduction of the main features of the company. The number of letters and the delivery number have fallen to a huge rate. The revenue generated from the business has not been a steady graph. There has been deviations. The issue of inflation has also hit the money transfer services of the company. The faith of the customer has been hampered with the delay in the services while paying premium amount. Apart from this, the organization has faced issues relating to competition (Crew and Kleindorfer, 2013). The courier companies and easy online transaction of money has affected the economic condition of the expertise to considerable extent. The regular follow up system of the private companies has been another issue with respect to Australia Post. Social- Most of the international ecommerce companies are trying to have a tie up with competitive private companies for the delivery of the products. The changing lifestyle of the consumers is one of the pivotal reasons for the same. The overseas retail product delivery of Australia is most likely taken by, companies like DHL and FedEx. Hence, the opportunity that was there for Australia Post id reducing. The customer value and satisfaction that is offered by these private companies is much more than government owned organizations. Hence, retail giants are looking for such dedicated companies for customer retention (Frynas and Mellahi, 2015). Technological- The development of the new technologies have led to easy transaction and taxation process. In such cases, the advancement of Australia Post is still lacking. The communication system of the company had to be improved. This has been done by the enterprise with the help of strategic partnerships (Austin and Pinkleton, 2015). The mailbox system started by the Australia Post has been one of the pivotal factors to pay bills and store the same securely. The only positive change that has been brought about by the company in the recent days has been MyPost Digital Mailbox. However, the strength of the other companies is the utilization of these service for quite some time. Legal- The Trade Practices Act of the country is the legal factor that is to be followed by the company. Along with this being a government owned enterprise the organization follows rules and abide by the Australian Postal Corporation Act 1989. It might be said in the above regard that the company works under the laws of the legal system. They abide by the rules and take the system under control with effective means (Van Dooren, Bouckaert and Halligan, 2015). However, the financial profit margin of the company is hampered with the opening of more than 4000 post offices and outlets. In order to serve the best in the industry and with the tag of governmental organization, the company is still trying to keep all the outlets open. This is strictly according to rules. Environmental- The idea of preserving paper has been crucial step all around the world. This is one of the causes, that other than technological advancement people are trying cell phones or email to contact each other. This has resulted in damaging the sorting and delivering process of the company (Stead and Stead, 2013). Most of the valuable citizens of the country try not to use papers for the environmental cause. Company corporate strategy The executive team rightfully shoulders the corporate strategy of Australia Post. The board of directors of the company is one of the most effective teams that the organization is having. In order to reach the target audience few outlet of the post offices are open on public holidays. However, the retail trading of the company is hampered on the holidays. In such cases, the advantages that can be grabbed by private companies include better and fast services even on holidays. Apart from the loopholes that are mentioned, it might be referred that the complaints procedure of the company is effective (Harrison and John, 2013). After getting the required proof and the support from the consumers, Australia Post only takes, 10 working days to resolve the corporate issues. The ombudsman is efficient is dealing with different types of cases. The concept of CSR or Corporate Social Responsibility is included in the idea of Everyone, Everywhere, Everyday. The transformation of the organization f or more than 200 years has been through four potential outcomes. They include people, community, customers and environment. Australia Post has taken the necessary step of including the wellbeing of the Australian by connecting digitally and physically. The creation of the shared values in the organization is the most important along with the engagement of the stakeholders. Hence, the corporate strategy of the company is one of the most important factors to deal with the sustainable development of the business prospects (Frynas and Mellahi, 2015). The corporate strategy of the company is to ensure that most of the issues of the customers are resolved timely. Apart from this, the issue of the stakeholders and suppliers are also taken into consideration. The prime aspects of the corporate strategy of Australia Post include value creation, social procurement, sustainable growth and importance of corporate governance (Eden and Ackermann, 2013). Company business strategy The business strategy of the company is to grow smarter. This is the basic reason for which the company is formulating updated culture. The introduction of the smart mailroom by the company across Australia is one of the biggest steps taken. In addition, with this the organization has implemented the inclusion of the technological front that is to retrieve data (Brunner and Bard, 2013). The necessary data collected is also restored in the internet based archive. Along with this Australia Post also included banking services. The payment of bill has been made easier with the help of the phone or online means. The total cash received in the year 2014 has been considerably height as compared to 2013. In this regard, it is important to note the fact that the company has introduced new strategies, tried new structure at the organizational level. The company has changed the usual perception of the customers drastically. This is through the improvement in the services. In delivery, process has been updated. The tracking system for the customers is one of the pivotal steps that assures customer of confirmed delivery. The logistics of the AP has been effective with the necessary inspiration from the companies like FedEx. The logistics sector of the company has been improved to considerable rate. The current position of the company has been improvement in identity services, deliveries, communications and identity services. The stakeholders of the organization include the employees, customers and the community. However, the necessary step that is to be taken by the company includes increasing the price of the services. The cost of sending a letter in Australia is only A$1 whereas in other countries the rate in much more. Here the chances of financial improvement for the company are limited. The coverage of the geographical area of the company is one of the best opportunities for the enterprise (Crew and Kleindorfer, 2013). Hence, as per the present positioning the globally organized network must be used efficiently by AP. The positioning of the company is on the low price however, the service has been good. The major aspect that is to be assessed in the present area requires better products. This is to ensure that not even private countries can take, the opportunity that they have in the industry. Conclusion Australia Post is one of the companies that have been effective being part of the government. Part from this the infrastructure of the company has been changed over the years. This is to ensure that customers are satisfied with the services. However, as per the pestle analysis and five forces analysis there are few issues persisting in the company. However, the company has taken major step to curb issues regarding complainants and technological backwardness. The result is the improvement in the financial situation of the company. The initiation of ideas such as banking, insurance, bill payments and cards has been effective and remarkable. The miscellaneous service that has been started by the company is to improve the finance and revenue generation of the enterprise. Reference list Auspost.com.au. (2017).Home. [online] Available at: https://auspost.com.au/ [Accessed 20 Apr. 2017]. Austin, E.W. and Pinkleton, B.E., 2015.Strategic Public Relations Management: Planning and Managing Effective Communication Campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Brunner, J.O. and Bard, J.F., 2013. Flexible weekly tour scheduling for postal service workers using a branch and price.Journal of Scheduling,16(1), pp.129-149. Crew, M.A. and Kleindorfer, P.R. eds., 2013.Emerging competition in postal and delivery services(Vol. 31). Springer Science Business Media. Crew, M.A. and Kleindorfer, P.R. eds., 2013.Postal and Delivery Services: pricing, productivity, regulation and strategy(Vol. 41). Springer Science Business Media. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013.Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013.Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Frynas, J.G. and Mellahi, K., 2015.Global strategic management. Oxford University Press, USA. Frynas, J.G. and Mellahi, K., 2015.Global strategic management. Oxford University Press, USA. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Harrison, J.S. and John, C.H.S., 2013.Foundations in strategic management. Cengage Learning. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Stead, J.G. and Stead, W.E., 2013.Sustainable strategic management. ME Sharpe. Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G. and Halligan, J., 2015.Performance management in the public sector. Routledge.