Technology developments over the past 30 years have had only positive Essay

Technology developments over the past 30 years have had only positive effects on people's health - Essay Example The aim of man has been to pursue such a goal that is everlasting and beneficent for him and the people to come. Technology that is in fact for the sake of betterment of our lives has â€Å"proven to be the best companion of man† during this epoch (Kincaid, 2004). It all started with the invention of â€Å"cotton gin in 1792†, which proved to be a great turn in human history. People were able to turn from Neolithic mode of living to more improved life style. The pinnacle of the era that started off during the late 15th century matured in the mid 1850s. And it was the beginning of industrial revolution where mass production, and social revolution, took place of intensive farming and symbiotic lifestyle. Thus it can be said that late 20th century was the finality of man to realize that his salvage for the sake of longevity and betterment can only be achieved through technological advancement and (Lakwete, 2005). People devised ways for healthy living through the use of te chnology. Impetus for such a move was from the ailment, problematic and contorted living man has been in, throughout his history. Thus science for the sake of technology for better living has proven to be the answer (Intille, 2004). It has caused a great deal of help in achieving physiological or biogenic need of man. It has been able to provide secure lives to people and thus has been able to revolutionise our society. Attending to the negative side of the use of technology, one can see that the use of technology in for increasing the ways for mass production and better crop yield, has brought along with it great problems that pertain to the â€Å"environmental pollution† and deterioration of the ecological balance. However, it is up will of people to pay heed to these issues. Their whimsical moves have, of course, created problems, and to contain unwanted and extravagant life, man should be mindful to the facts about his environment. (library.thinkquest.org) Past 30 years h ave been very much important since they advancement in technology tends to concentrate during this era. The invention of integrated circuits has caused compact designs and miniature devices, available for the general use of man. The important factor that has emerged during this era is the work and field specialization and their integration for the collective working for the man. People have been able to deduce solutions that are based on two or more separate specialized streams of technology, say, use of medical science and the proposals from athletes, and mechanical engineers to form such a device that may help in overcoming obesity (ScienceDaily.com, 2011). Taking this technological facet we can put forward an example which proves the notion that â€Å"mix of technologies† has literally improved and achieved those blessings of science that were not thought of ever before. The technologies used by physiotherapists, engineering scientists and medical scientists in tandem with each other can prove to be of great use. The gym equipment, today, is used for targeting a special slack in human physiology (Mishra, 2010). â€Å"Machines that are operated manually and with electronic aid can help regulating health† concerns like blood flow, tissues development, and cell physiology. Tread mill is one such example that helps in curtailing the mental constrains and extra physical exertion during typical arduous terrain exercises. Specialized weight equipment that concentrates on specific muscle is in common use (Plowman & Smith, 2008).

Pet food recall Essay Example for Free

Pet food recall Essay A recent recall across the United States and Canada has pet owners in frenzy. More than 60 million cans and pouches of pet food have been recalled as they have been linked to 10 cat and 6 dog deaths recently. The manufacturer sells food under 95 different brands, including Wal-Mart, Iams, and Safeway. As of yet the specific ingredient linked to the pet deaths has not been determined. Speculation links the liver failure of the cats to a wheat gluten ingredient. The FDA said that wheat gluten itself would not cause liver failure, but if it was contaminated with metal or mold toxins it could cause liver damage. The chief executive of menu foods, Paul Henderson issued a statement saying, â€Å"Our hearts go out to all of the pet owners across Canada, the United States and Mexico for any losses they experience and certainly for the worry this incident may be causing† (â€Å"Company behind pet†, 2007). Pet owner’s expectations when buying pet food are to keep their pets happy, healthy, and well fed. Many of the products recalled were manufactured under the best pet food names in the industry. Pet owner Chris Wood says â€Å"We love our pets just like children. They are not careful enough with the ingredients they put in pet food. That’s scary† (Molina, 2007). Pet’s are companions that owner’s have a deep responsibility to care for. Implications caused by this recall include worry for one’s pet, having to find a new brand of food not manufactured by menu foods, and in the worse case scenario losing one’s pet to liver failure. The worry alone is taking time and energy from pet owners across the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Pet owners are not only returning the recalled food but are taken precautions that cost a lot of money to ensure the safety and well-being of their pets. A veterinarian at the Animal Medical Center on the East Side of Manhattan, Dr. Ann Hohenhaus, said one cat died there over the weekend of kidney failure linked to the recalled food. Hohenhaus said the Animal Medical Center has tested 143 animals for renal failure since worried pet owners started taking their cats and dogs in for blood and urine tests on Saturday (March 18th, 2007)†(Mathews , 2007). Retailers are taking all measures to reassure pet owners. After the recall â€Å"PetSmart general manager Gary Brown said, ‘Everything on our shelves is 100 percent safe for your pet’(Molina, 2007). Petsmart is offering a full refund on all food purchased between December 3-March 6. A Long Island family whose two year old bull mastiff, Princess, died as a result of the recall are suing Menu Foods. Princess ate nothing but Nutro Foods all of her life and passed away from liver failure. The family is absolutely devastated by their loss. The family filed a lawsuit â€Å"Wednesday against Nutro and manufacturer Menu Foods. The lawsuit, filed in state Supreme Court in Nassau County, seeks unspecified compensatory and punitive damages, said Bobbs attorney, Kenneth Mollins†(Mathews, 2007). Quite often consumers put much research and time into products they purchase. When a consumer makes a purchase they assumed the manufacturer is offering a product that will be satisfactory and meet standards. Menu foods did switch to a new supplier for wheat gluten. As of the March 6, 2007 issued recall Mend Foods has once again changed its wheat gluten supply and is once again stocking shelves with premium pet food. Menu Foods expects losses of 24-60 million dollars for this recall and lawsuits that will prevail as a result of the contaminated pet food.

The Role of Women in Shakespeares Tragedies Essay -- Tragedy Plays Sh

The Role of Women in Shakespeare's Tragedies In Shakespeare’s tragedies and his plays in general, we can come across several types of female characters. Their influence with other characters and their purpose or role, often underestimated like women themselves, will be this essay’s main subject. Women in Shakespearean plays have always had important roles, sometimes even the leading role. Whether they create the main conflicts and base of the plays, or bring up interesting moral and cultural questions, they have always been put in challenging situations. Some women are stronger than others, and their effect on the play is different for each one. They often even surpass the male heroes. It’s almost unbelieveable, if we take into consideration the status of women, of course with its discrimination and cruel conditions, in Shakespeare’s days - sixteenth century Elizabethan England. But there could have been many reasons, why he gave his characters such qualities. It could have been the Queen Elizabeth I. on the throne, or a certain influence of his marriage with older woman. Some modern critics claim, he was a feminist, or on the contrary it is historically incorrect, because we shouldn’t forget that he wrote maily for a male entertainment. Particulary in h is comedies we frequently see a woman take on the strongest character, while often in his tragedies he has a male play the isolated tragic hero. It’s highly necessary to know the context to fully understand it. The women couldn't do much of anything but cook and clean for their husbands. They were also spoken to and commanded like they were common dogs. Also the women did not get to choose who they married. They were supposed to act like dolls. Their loyalty belonged first to their fathers and then to their husbands. This patriarchal structure has forced them to become repressed and helpless, not only in the eyes of men and society. Overall women were treated horrible compared to today's time. There’s evident inspiration and writer’s reaction. Nevertheless, in the midst of this male-dominant society Shakespeare portrays women with strengths at least equal to those of men. Shakespeare's views on women clearly define his plays and how, by using the women as some of the most powerful and stage dominating characters, and he shows a remarkable gift for breaking down the barriers that held women captiv... ...ve. Lady Macbeth’s behavior certainly shows that women can be as ambitious and cruel as men. Whether because of the constraints of her society or because she is not fearless enough to kill, Lady Macbeth relies on deception and manipulation rather than violence to achieve her ends. Beyond doubt, three witches, as supernatural characters in â€Å"Macbeth†, embody an unreasoning, instinctive evil. They represent Macbeth‘s evil ambitions and aspirations. It is evident the women’s role in Shakespeare’s tragedy is unlike his comedy. In comedies the women are empowered, that means they are mostly strong, independent, and capable, despite the male-dominant society of Elizabethan England. But in fact, women who were gifted and imaginative were not given the chance to develop their skills to become better in their craft. are often depicted as meek, obedient, and vapid creatures who stand behind their husbands. Their biggest role is usually one as wife or sister, hardly ever straying to be different. And that reflects exactly on Shakespearean tragic female characters, along with all difficulties, struggle and despair. Unfortunately, some of these characters survived not only in drama...

Obsession of Perfection Essay

The relentless pursuit of human perfection has always been an intrinsic trait of human nature and science has been a mean to achieve it. This statement brings us to the main idea of Hawthorne’s short story â€Å"The Birth-mark.† It shows the story of a scientist who is obsessed with the removal of his wife’s birthmark, considering it a symbol of her human imperfection. â€Å"The Birth-mark† is possibly influenced by Hawthorne’s times where science began to gain knowledge about our world and was considerably glorified, through scientific experiment, humankind can discover, know, and do just about anything. As the narrator explains, â€Å"In those days when the comparatively recent discovery of electricity and other kindred mysteries of Nature seemed to open paths into the region of miracle, [†¦] in its depth and absorbing energy† (Hawthorne 209). The author’s story presents some critical issues about what it signifies to be human, how much science can tell us about the world, what happens when human beings attempt to subvert nature through science, and possibly more significantly, should we try to â€Å"play God† in this manner. â€Å"The Birth-mark† like other stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne provides us with moral allegories and much of the meaning is through Hawthorne’s use of symbolism that addresses the themes such as manipulation of science, humanity’s flaws, and obsession with perfection. Hawthorne uses an intriguing plot and unique characterization in order to teach lessons about the imperfectability of humans by examining at the misuse of science. Since Hawthorne is involved in the telling of a moral tale, it is appropriate to consider in this essay the ways â€Å"The Birth-mark† takes the moral to warn its readers about the dangers of science and obsession with perfection. Therefore, this essay will discuss the meaning of the more obvious lessons that Hawthorne’s short story â€Å"The Birth-mark† suggests, the imperfect nature of humankind, the limitations that science has, and the contentment that humans should have on what they already possess. The main character Aylmer, â€Å"a man of science ÃŒ ¶ an eminent proficient in every branch of natural philosophy† (Hawthorne 209), suffers from a blind obsession about a tiny red birthmark resembling the shape of a hand that his gorgeous wife Georgiana has on her cheek. As Aylmer declares: â€Å"Ah, upon another face perhaps it might,† replied her husband; â€Å"but never on yours. No, dearest Georgiana, you came so nearly perfect from the hand of Nature, that this slightest possible defect ÃŒ ¶ which we hesitate whether to term a defect or a beauty ÃŒ ¶ shocks me, as being the visible mark of earthly imperfection† (Hawthorne 209). He seeks to remove his wife’s birthmark, the symbol of necessarily flawed humanity, and make her perfect. Georgiana’s birthmark represents man’s imperfections, the very imperfections that make her human. The birthmark is deeply ingrained in her face. â€Å"It was the fatal flaw of humanity which Nature, in one shape or another, stamps ineffaceably on all her productions, either to imply that they are temporary and finite, or that their perfection must be wrought by toil and pain† (Hawthorne 211). We can assume that, symbolically, this passage implies that man’s imperfections are deeply embedded in his nature. â€Å"The Birthmark† illustrates the flaws of mankind, but its most significant declaration is that to be human is inevitably to be flawed. To struggle for perfection is to deny human’s own nature, to deny what makes us human, and to achieve such perfection is essentially impossible. It becomes clear when the narrator of the story describes Georgiana’s death â€Å"The fatal hand had grappled with the mystery of life, and was the bond by which an angelic spirit kept itself in union with a mortal frame. As the last crimson tint of the birthmark–that sole token of human imperfection–faded from her cheek, the parting breath of the now perfect woman passed into the atmosphere, and her soul, lingering a moment near her husband, took its heavenward flight† (Hawthorne 222), by eliminating Georgiana’s imperfection, Aylmer also liberates her of her humanity. Once she is perfect, once she is no longer flawed, Georgiana can no longer live. Hawthorne’s message is that being imperfect is just part of being human. If you are not flawed, you are not human anymore. It seems then; that the central lesson and underlying moral message behind this passage is that trying to put a small mistake way up out of proportion, in attempt to create something perfect, only destroys a good thing and leave us  with the fatal consequences that come with senseless obsession of pursuing perfection. Another example of a moral lesson that Hawthorne’s short story â€Å"The Birth-mark† suggests is that science really does have its limitations. There are certain things that humans are not privileged to know or capable of doing. It is not only arrogant, the story seems to implies, but absolutely dangerous to try to play God. â€Å"Much as he had accomplished, she could not but observe that his most splendid successes were almost invariably failures [†¦] His brightest diamonds were the merest pebbles, and felt to be so by himself, in comparison with the inestimable gems which lay hidden beyond his reach† (Hawthorne 217). Aylmer cannot discover everything about Nature; he has failed in his past experiments and he will fail again with Georgiana. One of the many morals of the story is that Nature carefully protects her secrets and cannot be overcome or even matched by man. As we discuss in the introduction of this essay, Hawthorne wrote â€Å"The Birthmark† at a time when the scientific method was being glorified and people were starting to think science really could take us anywhere we wanted to go. â€Å"The Birthmark† is presenting Nature as the personified creator of all things, as a god. There are implications in the story about moral ethical issues as science tests new drugs in human beings for instance, or scientists playing to be god like in the case of human cloning. Finally, it delivers the moral about what happens when human beings attempt to challenge and alter nature that can and often will end in tragic consequences. Aylmer’s gorgeous wife, Georgiana is highly desirable because of her beauty. The narrator describes her, declaring: â€Å"Georgiana’s lovers were wont to say that some fairy at her birth hour had laid her tiny hand upon the infant’s cheek, [†¦] to give her such sway over all hearts† (Hawthorne 210). She is perfect in every way, except for one tiny flaw that Aylmer can’t accept. â€Å"At all the seasons which should have been their happiest, he invariably [†¦] opened his eyes upon his wife’s face and recognized the symbol of imperfection† (Hawthorne 211). Aylmer is more and more bothered by his  wife’s birthmark. He grows to find it utterly intolerable, and even describes it â€Å"as the symbol of his wife’s liability to sin, sorrow, decay, and death† (Hawthorne 211). The obsession with perfection blinds Aylmer to the true beauty and humanity of his wife, showing the struggle between accepting her true n atural beauty and man’s inability to perceive it and appreciate what nature has bestowed upon him. As the story revels through this important quote â€Å"Do not repent [†¦] you have rejected the best the earth could offer† (Hawthorne 222). Hawthorne’s critical lesson is that Aylmer didn’t recognize how lucky he was to have Georgiana. At the end of the story Aylmer is punished for being dissatisfied with a woman who pledged her love and entrusted her life to him, a woman whose inner and outer beauty he could not see and his discontentment snatch away the most perfect thing in his life, Georgiana. Contentment on what we have is the central lesson of this passage when sometimes; it is enough to just finish a task, even if it is not perfect because striving to make it perfect could end up spoiling many things in the process. At the end of â€Å"The Birthmark,† Aylmer both succeeds and fails. He succeeds in that he finally rid his wife of her birthmark. He fails in that†¦she is dead. Finally, this story involve man’s desire to prefect what is already perfect and the use of science as a flawed tool to attain this perfection. Sure, Georgiana dies right afterwards, but the fact remains that Aylmer does indeed succeed in removing the birthmark from Georgiana’s cheek. What does this say about man’s ability to conquer nature? â€Å"The end justifies the means.† You can use bad or immoral methods as long as you accomplish something â€Å"good† by using them. It is acceptable to do something bad in order to obtain something good? Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. †The Birth-mark†. Pearson Custom Library Introduction to Literature. Eds. Cain, Kathleen Shine, Kathleen Fitzpatrick, JN, et. al. Boston: Pearson Learning Solution, 2013. 209-222. Print.

Promote Equality and Inclusion in Health Essay

Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusion 1.2 Describe the potential effects of discrimination Discrimination on the grounds of age, gender, race, sexuality or ability can damage a person’s self esteem and reduce their ability to develop and maintain a sense of identity. The potential of effects of discrimination are likely to vary between different people, these could be emotional or physical or potentially both at times. Possible effects could be: – Depressions – Low self esteem – Stress – Feeling isolated – Fear of rejection – Humiliation – Weight loss or gain – Anger Long term effects could be: – Long term depression – Increased behaviour problems – Difficulty communicating – Lack of acheivement – Restricted opportunities 1.3 Explain how inclusive practice promotes equality and supports diversity Inclusive practice promotes an indiviuals rights to acess equal opportunities. By ensuring that this happens promotes diversity. There are various pieces of legislation which have been put in place to promote equality and reduce discrimination. These include: – The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 – The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 – The Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 – Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 – Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN, 1989) – The Human Rights Act 1998 – The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (as amended) – Employment Equality Regulations 2003 Inclusive practice is about the attitudes, approaches and strategies taken to ensure that people are not excluded or isolated. This means welcoming people’s differences and promoting equality by ensuring equal opportunities for all, most of all, aspects of diversity. Inclusive practice is about providing the support that people want in order to live their lives as fully as possible. Examples of inclusive practice are: – Providing a ramp to allow wheelchair access to a building – Providing information in a range of languages and in audio format Responding sensitively to an individual’s diverse needs supports them in developing a sense of belonging, well-being and confidence in their identity and abilities. It also helps them to acheive their potential and allow them to take their rightful place in society. Be able to promote diversity, equality and inclusion 3.3 Describe how to challenge discrimination in a way that promotes change Throughout our social care setting it is important that discrimination is challenged if it has been witnessed. There are many different ways discrimination can be challenged to promote change. Some examples are: – Practicing Active Participation – By doing as much as possible to support only the parts of people’s lives that they really cannot manage for themselves, we can allow individuals to realise their value and reduce a feeling of isolation. This can help an individual gain self esteem and encourage them to take control and make their own decisions which will help  to reduce any form of abuse and discrimination. – Quick and Effective Complaint Procedure – This will help to let the individual know how seriously the act witnessed had been taken and the consequences of discrimination. Discrimination is less likely to occur if others have a strong understanding of the consequences. – Meeting and Discussion – Discussing and energisin g issues in day to day tasks help individuals to challenge discrimination.

Free Essays on Perks Of Being A Wallflower

In the book, The Perks of Being a Wallflower, by Stephen Chbosky, Charlie, the main character, who lives in Western Pennsylvania in the early nineties, writes a series of letters to a person that he never reveals. He does not know the person, and does not let the person know who he is. Charlie is a freshman and while he is not the biggest geek in the school, he is by no means popular. He is a wallflower. He is shy, thoughtful, and intelligent beyond his years. Charlie doesn’t have many friends; in fact, his only friend Michael killed himself during junior high school. He is left with his mom and dad who do not pay much attention to him, his older brother; a star on the football team, his sister; one of the most popular girls in school, and the only person who ever made him feel special, his Aunt Helen. Charlie’s Aunt Helen died as well and Charlie was very close to her. He was crushed. Charlie loved his family a lot, but he needed something more in life, something normal and Charlie was by no means normal. Charlie also encounters many of the same struggles that most kids face in high school. Some of these struggles are how to make friends, the intensity of a crush, family tensions, a first relationship, exploring sexuality, and experimenting with drugs. There really is not a main story line. It skips around to different situations at different times in his life. Charlie becomes friends with seniors Patrick and his sister Sam. They are his only friends and they know this and try to do the best to introduce him to new things and get involved in activities. Patrick is out-going and hilarious. Most of the popular kids in school admire him. His nick-name is â€Å"Nothing.† Sam is pretty and didn’t have the most â€Å"lady-like† reputation in school. She has brown hair and â€Å"very very pretty green eyes. The kind of green that doesn’t make a big deal about itself.† – p.19. From the moment that Charlie first meets Sam he falls ... Free Essays on Perks Of Being A Wallflower Free Essays on Perks Of Being A Wallflower In the book, The Perks of Being a Wallflower, by Stephen Chbosky, Charlie, the main character, who lives in Western Pennsylvania in the early nineties, writes a series of letters to a person that he never reveals. He does not know the person, and does not let the person know who he is. Charlie is a freshman and while he is not the biggest geek in the school, he is by no means popular. He is a wallflower. He is shy, thoughtful, and intelligent beyond his years. Charlie doesn’t have many friends; in fact, his only friend Michael killed himself during junior high school. He is left with his mom and dad who do not pay much attention to him, his older brother; a star on the football team, his sister; one of the most popular girls in school, and the only person who ever made him feel special, his Aunt Helen. Charlie’s Aunt Helen died as well and Charlie was very close to her. He was crushed. Charlie loved his family a lot, but he needed something more in life, something normal and Charlie was by no means normal. Charlie also encounters many of the same struggles that most kids face in high school. Some of these struggles are how to make friends, the intensity of a crush, family tensions, a first relationship, exploring sexuality, and experimenting with drugs. There really is not a main story line. It skips around to different situations at different times in his life. Charlie becomes friends with seniors Patrick and his sister Sam. They are his only friends and they know this and try to do the best to introduce him to new things and get involved in activities. Patrick is out-going and hilarious. Most of the popular kids in school admire him. His nick-name is â€Å"Nothing.† Sam is pretty and didn’t have the most â€Å"lady-like† reputation in school. She has brown hair and â€Å"very very pretty green eyes. The kind of green that doesn’t make a big deal about itself.† – p.19. From the moment that Charlie first meets Sam he falls ...

Marketing Management of Freshbins

Marketing Management of Freshbins Executive Summary The aim of this paper is to provide marketing ideas for a new invention, Freshbins Robotic Sanitizer, which is a highly efficient product that will contribute to keeping the Australian cites clean, increasing the hygiene, and lowering the level of diseases caused by airborne germs.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Marketing Management of Freshbins specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It would work as a supplier of the Australian governmental and non-governmental organisations, which maintain cleanliness of the cities and appoints labour to work on field. This product will help such organisations to boost their efficiently by making them able to undertake huge number of bin cleaning programs at very short period of time and reducing the human efforts apart from saving time. This product will also be offered to private individuals and families for carrying out their household activities; therefore, fo r having such a large group of customers, the revenues generated by this single product will be huge, even if the prices are set at a moderate level. In order to provide marketing advices to the marketer of the product, this paper will focus on introducing the background information of the invention, conducting an environmental analysis consisting of the PESTEL analysis and the Porter five forces analysis, assessing the consumer behaviour analysis of the country, and concentrating on the segmentation, targeting, and positioning of the invention. It would also construct appropriate product and pricing plans for the marketer followed by a few concluding remarks. Introduction to the Background Information of the Invention With the consideration of the prospective market demand and the idea of improving the waste disposal system of Australia and accordingly reinforce the efforts to ensure environmental sustainability, the newly invented Freshbins Robotic Sanitizer is chosen for been mar keted at a large extent throughout the country. According to The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2011), Freshbins Robotic Sanitizer is an extremely contemporary bin clearing and disinfecting method invented by Paul Sewell, which uses three-facet visions to assist the mechanical limb to pick up a dustbin that is mechanically rinsed in an ozone-disinfecting process before being returned to the land; amazingly, the entire procedure needs about only 30 seconds.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The product has patented mechanized technology to convey one of the most protected, ecologically sustainable, and competent bin maintenance procedure in the globe; besides, the truck performs the entire task with the driver seated in cabin; most importantly, the truck can process 1000 bins in a day; therefore, the pickup ability of the robotic-arm is among its highly ess ential features. The location of the dustbin is not a problem; it could even lie on land; however, the arm uses sensors to find a dustbin at 68 likely positions, whilst a second sensor identifies any creature or child’s movement around the dustbin; in addition, it saves vast quantities water (whist clearing one domestic-size bin manually requires about 100 litres of water). However, it is important to note that although the product possesses a number of highly significant features, the success of marketing it can be doubtful if appropriate brand building strategies and awareness programs are not properly undertaken. Hoeffler Keller (2002) stated that brand awareness programs are necessary for marketing all sorts of products through different marketing campaigns; on the other hand, Hoyer Brown (1990) pointed that in order to ensure repeat purchases of a product, constructing relevant marketing strategies are crucial in order to sustain for long run. Environmental Analysis of Freshbins PESTEL Analysis Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson (2001) has noted that it is necessary for marketers to conduct PESTEL analysis before considering to launch any product in the market as a thorough environmental analysis assists to better understand the present conditions of the industry. Moreover, Pearce Robinson (2006) argued that without a proper environmental analysis, businesses might fail to apprehend actual circumstances of the industry and subsequently undertake poorly researched strategies leading to breakdown of sales and revenues. The PESTEL framework for Freshbins is illustrated below: Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Marketing Management of Freshbins specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure 1: PESTEL Analysis Source: Self generated from Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson (2001) Political Factor The current political circumstance of Australia is fairly unwavering with the government of the country trying to provide the best possible corporate responsive impression to each its national markets with an intention to boost the gross national product and per capita income. More decisively, the government constantly promotes and aids the enlargement of the neighbouring companies by dictating the governmental financial institutions to provide sufficient loans to start up businesses after assessing their prospects, which makes it easier for Freshbins to enter. Economic Factor According to Index mundi (2011) in spite of the harsh situations arising from the global economic turmoil, the economy of Australia has recovered quite quickly and is still recovering to revive its industries and job sectors. The following figure shows the real GDP growth rate comparison for recent years, outlining that the GDP has recovered after the 2009 slump: Figure 2: The real GDP growth rateAdvertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Source: Index mundi (2011) The graph below illustrates that the purchasing power parity of the Australian consumers is increasing, providing an optimistic outlook for Freshbins: Figure 3: The purchasing power parity Source: Index mundi (2011) Socio-cultural Factor The social and cultural aspects of Australia are highly diverse with the presence of people from many ethnic backgrounds; however, it is notable that Freshbins would stay beside the neighbouring communities and contribute to the societies by helping to better uphold a clean image to the world. Technological Factor Although the country has a booming technological sector, the industry competition is quite lower in terms of the market of Freshbins Robotic Sanitizer, as this is a pioneering innovation with highly equipped mechanics containing unique features not accessible in other similar products of Australia. Environmental Factor A number of environmental laws are present in Australia, which prevent the businesses of the c ountry to perform activities associated with massive pollutions. However, it is notable that the marketer of Freshbins will be socially responsible to reduce adverse affects in the environment by introducing more and more eco-friendly technology to eliminate germs from bins. Legal Factor For every start up business in Australia, a few numbers of problems arise due to lawful barriers such as environmental and labour legislations associated with the formation of the business and related advertisements of the products. Porter five forces of the Invention Porter (2004) has noted that environmental analysis of the industry helps the marketers to sort out the dilemma associated with the anticipation of the level of competition and the position of the particular business in the industry. However, the competitive position of Freshbins in accordance with Porter’s five forces is presented below Figure 4: Porter’s five forces for Freshbins Source: Self generated from Porter (2 004) Threat of New Entrants The threats of new entrants are quite low in the industry, because Freshbins has unique technology, which is also patent protected and so no new comers can quickly copy it and raise the level of competition. Bargaining power of buyer Bargaining power of buyers are low because there are no such services presently available in the Australian market where they can switch on. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The bargaining powers of suppliers are moderate because the supplies of the raw material needed to produce Freshbins come from much specialised producers who are lower in number, so the switching costs of the marketer of Freshbins are higher. Rivalry among competitors A low rivalry exist in the market owing to the individuality of the product and due to the fact that it is newly invented; moreover, even when slightly similar items are available, those are not as competent as Freshbins in terms of time saving, cost efficiency, and technology. Threats of subst itute product No substitutes are currently available and it is not possible to bring one because of the patent protection provided. Consumer Behaviour Analysis According to Bowden (2009), in order to influence consumer behaviour, the process of customer engagement needs to be enough dynamic in terms of strategic implementations put forward. Oliver (1999) noted that the marketer should not only endow focus to influence consumer behaviour, but also ensure that the respective policies are affirming consumer loyalty. Prus Randall (1995), Recklies (2006), Percy Rossiter (1992), and Cavero Cebollada (1997) stated that understanding behaviour and acting accordingly by overseeing customer awareness could lead to successful branding for any product. Conversely, successful branding reinforced by proper advertising will lead to repeat purchases of that item (Chi, Yeh, Yang, 2009; Deighton, Henderson, Neslin, 1994; and Macdonald ï ¼â€  Sharp, 2000). Because of all these reasons, customer behavioural analysis is essential; Sands Ferraro (2010) identified that Australian customers have turned more intrusive, pessimistic, demanding, and impulsive, expending cautiously and seeking console in dependable and trustworthy brands; moreover, about fifty percent of Australians started to search internet before purchasing in-store, whereas, 89 percent expend about three hours researching the product’s features. On the other hand, Sands Ferraro (2010) added that seventy-nine percent Australian customers now try to purchase online, so it is necessary for the marketer of Freshbins to build a website and sell over internet, as it is expected that further eighty-three percent people will buy online by the next year, whereas the sales will reach $23.4bn by 2014. Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning Segmentation Johnson, Seholes, Whittington (2006) stated that before marketing any product, a properly conducted customer segmentation and configuration of people of the targ eted country would enable the marketer to obtain an idea about the probable clients and undertake marketing policies that would suit that market. For example, through the age configuration of people, it would be easy to understand the numbers of adults in the economy, providing a rough idea about people requiring a household bin-cleaning machine. Moreover, a rising growth rate of the economy would illustrate the future opportunity of having a further expanded customer base; so according to Kotler Armstrong (2006), market segmentation is crucial; the customer segmentation by gender and age configuration of people of the country are outlined below: Customer segmentation by gender and age configuration of people Total number of people 21,766,711 in 2011 estimation * Zero to fourteen year olds 18.3 percent (men 2,040,848 women 1,937,544) * Fifteen to sixty-four year olds 67.7 percent (men 7,469,092 women 7,266,143) * Sixty-five year olds and above 14 percent (men 1 ,398,576 women 1,654,508) * Total average age of population 37.7 yrs * Men: average age 37 yrs * Women: average age 38.4 yrs * Inhabitants development rate 1.148 percent in 2011 projection * Birth- rate 12.33 births per thousand population * Death- rate 6.88 deaths per thousand population * Ethnic origins in the country White ninety two percent, Asian seven percent, native other one percent * Below fifteen years 1.05 man per woman * Fifteen to sixty-four years 1.03 man per woman * Sixty-five years and above 0.84 man per woman * Literacy 99 percent men and 99 percent women * Table 1: Customer segmentation Source: Self generated from Index mundi (2011) Targeting The targeted customers of the Freshbins Robotic Sanitizer are the governmental and non- governmental organisations of the country, which act together with the vision of upholding hygiene in the national communities. This product will be supplied to such businesses in bulk, makin g high profit margins and keeping contribution over the socially responsible behaviours. Another target group are the private individuals and families that suffer great troubles for carrying out their household activities because of the busy lifestyle of people. This would help working men and women to finish tasks that are highly time consuming and require touching dirt by hand. Besides, rather than busy or working people, retired or unemployed people will also be the targeted group as most of them are old and frail and require help from technology to do it rapidly without any need for hard work. Positioning The following figure shows the market positioning of Freshbins; it shows that the product will be of high quality, and pricing will be higher because of uniqueness: Figure 5: Market positioning of Freshbins Source: Self-generated from Kotler Armstrong (2006) Product and Pricing Plans The product has a number of distinctive features, for example, using ozone as a disinfectant, it reprocesses water and remarkably uses merely 63ml per dustbin, whereas manually it requires about 100 litres; moreover, no chemicals are required for the purpose; therefore, there is no chemical remains either creating risk to the operator or atmosphere. In addition, no microbes will enter the atmosphere as the ozone even neutralises the toxicants in the waste; so, the wastes sent to the landfill is entirely germ-free; conversely, the operator has CCTV pictures of the entire activity and he manages them from a touch screen within the truck cabin. All such features indicate that the pricing needs to be quite higher for this invention; Brealey Myers (2002) noted that the more the uniqueness of the product, the more viable it is to set the price at high level, as no other substitute-items are available for consumers. However, Malhotra (2009) identified that a proper marketing research is essential before setting the prices, which should include quantitative or qualitative question naires intended for surveying the prospective customers in order to assess the amount they are likely to spend over such an item. Nevertheless, it can be argued that as this invention is completely new and the product is patent protected, it is not likely for any other businesses to bring out items with the same technology and offer those at lower prices gaining competitive advantage over Freshbins; as a result, there will be almost market domination by the Freshbins. Therefore, it will be feasible for the marketer of Freshbins to focus on premium pricing at the initial stage; however, considering the performance of the product for a substantial time, the pricing strategy can be reconsidered by evaluating demand and production costs. Conclusion It is important to state that although Freshbins Robotic Sanitizer has great opportunities after penetrating the market, it is necessary to conduct a market survey to identify the consumer confidence of Australia and the extent to which they are able to spend over the item. This is because although the economy has recovered from the recessionary impact, the current condition of the Euro zone crisis can get severe and spread over the Australian financial institutions, it which case, it would be tough for the marketer to collect the finance that is needed to enter the market, which includes costs such as outlays of advertising campaigns. Reference List Bowden, J. L (2009) The Process of Customer Engagement: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Marketing Theory Practice, 17(1): 63-74. Brealey, A. R. Myers, S. (2002) Principles of Corporate Finance. 7th ed. New York: McGraw Hill. Cavero, S., Cebollada, J. (1997) Brand choice and marketing strategy: An application to the market of laundry detergent for delicate clothes in Spain. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 10(1): 57-71. Chi, H. K., Yeh, H. R., Yang, Y. T. (2009) The Impact of Brand Awareness on Consumer Purchase Intention: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Quality and Brand Loyalty. The Journal of International Management Studies, 4(1): 135-144. Deighton, J., Henderson, C. M., Neslin, S. A. (1994) The effects of advertising on brand switching and repeat purchasing. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(1): 28-43. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. E. (2001) Strategic Management. 4th ed. South-Western Thomson Learning. Hoeffler, S., Keller, K. L. (2002) Building brand equity through corporate societal marketing. Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 21(1): 78-89. Hoyer, W. D. Brown, S. P. (1990) Effects of Brand Awareness on Choice for a Common, Repeat-Purchase Product. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(2): 141-148. Index mundi (2011). Australia Demographics Profile 2011. [Online] Available from: indexmundi.com/australia/demographics_profile.html Index mundi (2011) Australia GDP (purchasing power parity). [Online] Available from: indexmundi.com/australia/gdp_(purchasing_power_parity).html Index mundi (2011) GDP real growth ra te (%). [Online] Available from: indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?c=asv=66 Johnson, G. Seholes, K. Whittington, R. (2006) Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text Cases. 8th ed. London: FT Prentrice Hall. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2006) Principles of Marketing. 11th ed. Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited. Macdonald, E. K., ï ¼â€  Sharp, B. M. (2000) Brand awareness effects on consumer decision making for a common, repeat purchase product: A replication. Journal of Business Research, 48(5). Malhotra, N. K. (2009) Marketing Research- An Applied Orientation. 5th ed. Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited. Oliver, R. L. (1999) Whence Consumer Loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(1): 33-44. Pearce, J. A. Robinson, R. B. (2006) Strategic Management. 8th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. Percy, L., Rossiter, J. R. (1992) A model of brand awareness and brand attitude advertising strategies. Journal of Psychology Marketing, 9(1): 263-274. Porter, M. E. (2004) Competitive Strategy. Export Edition. New York : The Free Press. Prus, A., Randall, B. D. (1995) Understanding your customers. Journal of Marketing Tools, 2(1): 10-14. Sands, S. Ferraro, C. (2010) 2010 Consumer Trends Report Australia. [pdf] Available from: salmat.com.au/content/documents/news-insights/2010-consumer-trends-report.pdf The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2011) Freshbins: Invented by Paul Sewell. [Online] Available from: abc.net.au/tv/newinventors/inventions/2011.htm